599 692
beam radiotherapy in one study, and with various
treatment options for PCa in another five studies. SNB
was performed using an open operation (
n
= 12), a
laparoscopic approach (
n
= 4), a robot-assisted approach
(
n
= 2), or a combination of open and laparoscopic
procedures (
n
= 2), depending on the choice of treatment
for PCa; the approach was unknown for one study. Eleven
studies used
99m
Tc-nanocolloid as the tracer to detect the
SN
[17–19,22,24,26–28,30,32,33]. Other tracers included
99m
Tc-sulfur
[29,31],
99m
Tc-phytate
[20],
99m
Tc-human
serum albumin
[21] ,ICG-
99m
Tc-nanocolloid (hybrid
tracer)
[23] ,ICG
[16,25,35,36], and superparamagnetic
iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION)
[34].
3.3.
RoB in the studies included
Four articles were judged to be at high RoB for all four
domains
[17,19,30,36] .Fourteen studies had high RoB in the
[(Fig._2)TD$FIG]
Fig. 2 – Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) flow diagram.
E U R O P E A N U R O L O G Y 7 1 ( 2 0 1 7 ) 5 9 6 – 6 0 5
599